Symposium
New Trends in Decision-Making: Judgement and Reasoning
Informations pratiques
04 mars 2022
15h30-18h
Lieu
ENS, 24 rue Lhomond, bâtiment Jaurès, amphitheatre Jaurès, 75005 Paris
LNC2
Speakers : Ralph Hertwig, Giorgia Romagnoli, Valérie Dufour, Wim De Neys
This symposium is organized by the Human reinforcement learning team at the LNC2.
PROGRAMME
15:30 | Ralph Hertwig
16:00 | Giorgia Romagnoli
16:30 | Coffea break
17:00 | Valérie Dufour
17:30 | Wim De Neys
18:00 | Drinks
Ralph Hertwig (Max Planck Institute)
Title: How Experimental Methods Shaped Views on Human Competence and Rationality
Abstract: Sound statistical intuitions are essential for navigating an uncertain world. The intuitive-statistician program of the 1960s concluded that probability theory and statistics can be used as the basis for psychological models of judgment. In contrast, research starting in the 1970s—spearheaded by the heuristics-and-biases program—has concluded that people lack the correct mental software for many important judgmental tasks. Our systematic review of experimental methods shows that the source of these conflicting conclusions may be attributable to a methodological shift triggered by the heuristics-and-biases program, which largely removed learning from judgment tasks.
Giorgia Romagnoli (University of Amsterdam)
Title: Morals in multi-unit markets
Valérie Dufour ( IPHC, Strasbourg)
Title: Decision making under risk and ambiguity in human and non-human primates.
Abstract: Decision making under risk is fundamental in humans and other animals. Biologists generally aim at highlighting particular attitudes towards risk (i.e. risk proneness or risk aversion for example) that would reflect naturally selected adaptations to past environmental conditions for a given species. However, in these studies, it is not always clear whether animal choices are made under risk or under ambiguity. In humans, responses in one context do not necessarily predict responses in another. For example, individuals who are risk averse are not necessarily ambiguity averse. The general belief is that animals show strong aversion to ambiguity. We investigated the response of 4 great apes and 2 monkey species in an ambiguous gambling game. Subjects had no exact knowledge of the odds associated to the outcome of their gambling. Dealing with unpredictability may be more challenging and require more cognitive flexibility. We expected some species to reject ambiguity and/or use even simple decision rules (heuristics). However, under this ambiguous context, individuals gambled as if they had built expectations about the missing information and more so in orangutans, gorillas and chimpanzees. Using decision trees, we could identify each step of the decisional process. Results show that non-human primates can combine several decision rules to make their decision in an unpredictable environment.
Wim De Neys (Université de paris)
Title: Dual process theory: Quo vadis?
Abstract: The two-headed, dual process view of human thinking has been very influential in the cognitive sciences. The core idea that thinking can be conceived as an interplay between a fast-intuitive and slower-deliberate process has inspired a wide range of psychologists, philosophers, and economists. However, despite the popularity of the dual process framework it faces multiple challenges. One key issue is that the precise interaction between intuitive and deliberate thought processes (or System 1 and 2, as they are often referred to) is not well understood. In my talk, I will give an overview of recent empirical advances and show how these force us to re-conceptualize the dual process model of human cognition.